WMO recognizes new Arctic temperature record of 38⁰C
WMO确认北极温度创38⁰C新记录
Weather and Climate Extremes Archive reflects changing climate
天气与气候极值档案库反映了气候的变化
A temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) in the Russian town of Verkhoyansk on 20 June 2020 has been recognized as a new Arctic temperature record by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
2020年6月20日，俄罗斯小镇维尔霍扬斯克的温度达到38°C（100.4°F），世界气象组织（WMO）确认这为新的北极温度记录。
Arctic [ˈɑːktɪk] adj. 北极的 n. 北极
The temperature, more befitting the Mediterranean than the Arctic, was measured at a meteorological observing station during an exceptional and prolonged Siberian heatwave. Average temperatures over Arctic Siberia reached as high as 10°C above normal for much of summer last year, fuelling devastating fires, driving massive sea ice loss and playing a major role in 2020 being one of the three warmest years on record.
在一场异常、持久的西伯利亚热浪过程中，一个气象观测站测到了这一温度，相较于北极，这个温度对地中海地区更适合。去年夏季大部分时间里，西伯利亚北极地区的平均温度比正常水平高出10°C，助长了毁灭性的大火，导致海冰大量流失，并在2020年成为有记录以来三个最暖年份之一中起了重要作用。
Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən] n. 地中海
prolonged [prəˈlɒŋd] adj. 长期的
devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] adj. 毁灭性的；令人震惊的
“This new Arctic record is one of a series of observations reported to the WMO Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes that sound the alarm bells about our changing climate. In 2020, there was also a new temperature record (18.3°C) for the Antarctic continent,” said WMO Secretary-General Prof. Petteri Taalas.
“这一北极新记录是向WMO天气与气候极值档案库报告的一系列观测数据中的一个，这些数据敲响了气候变化的警钟。2020年，南极大陆也创下了温度新记录（18.3°C），”WMO秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯教授说。
“WMO investigators are currently seeking to verify temperature readings of 54.4°C recorded in both 2020 and 2021 in the world’s hottest place, Death Valley in California, and to validate a new reported European temperature record of 48.8°C in the Italian island of Sicily this summer. The WMO Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes has never had so many ongoing simultaneous investigations,” said Prof. Taalas.
“目前，WMO调查人员正在核实2020和2021年在加利福尼亚州死亡谷这一全球最热之地记录到的54.4°C的温度读数，并正在验证今年夏天新报告的意大利西西里岛48.8°C的欧洲温度纪录。WMO天气与气候极值档案库从未有过这么多同时开展的调查，”塔拉斯教授说。
validate [ˈvælɪdeɪt] v. 确认，证实
simultaneous [ˌsɪm(ə)lˈteɪniəs] adj. 同时的
The Arctic is among the fastest warming regions in the world and is heating more than twice the global average. The extreme temperature and ongoing climate change prompted a WMO panel of experts to add a new climate category “highest recorded temperature at or north of 66.5⁰, the Arctic Circle” to its international Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes.
北极是世界上升温最快的地区之一，其升温速度是全球平均水平的两倍以上。在极端温度和持续的气候变化促使下，WMO专家组在其国际天气与气候极值档案库中增加了一个新的气候类别：“北极圈66.5⁰及以北地区的最高温度记录”。
The Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes includes the world’s highest and lowest temperatures, rainfall, heaviest hailstone, longest dry period, maximum gust of wind, longest lightning flash and weather-related mortalities.
天气与气候极值档案库含有全球最高和最低温度、降雨量、最重冰雹、最长干旱期、最大阵风、最长闪电和与天气有关的死亡人数等类别。
hailstone [ˈheɪlstəʊn] n. 冰雹
gust [gʌst] n. 一阵强风
The creation of the new category means that both Polar regions are now represented. Since 2007, the WMO has listed temperature extremes for the Antarctic region (polar regions at or south of 60⁰S, corresponding to the land and ice shelf areas included in the Antarctic Treaty.
这个新类别的创建意味着两个极地地区现在都有涵盖。WMO自2007年起开始罗列南极地区（南纬60度及以南的极地地区，对应纳入《南极条约》的陆地和冰架地区）的温度极值。
Antarctic [ænˈtɑːktɪk] adj. 南极的 n. 南极洲
Verkhoyansk is about 115 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle and the meteorological station has been observing temperatures since 1885. It is located in the northern part of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is in a region of Eastern Siberia which has an extreme very harsh dry continental climate (very cold winter and hot summer).
维尔霍扬斯克位于北极圈以北约115公里处，该气象站自1885年以来一直有温度观测。它位于萨哈共和国（雅库特）北部，是东西伯利亚的一个地区，具有极端干燥的大陆性气候（冬季极寒，夏季炎热）。
“Fundamentally, this investigation highlights the increasing temperatures occurring for a climatically important region of the world. Through continued monitoring and assessment of temperature extremes, we can remain knowledgeable about the changes occurring in this critical region of the world, the polar Arctic,” said Professor Randall Cerveny, Rapporteur of Climate and Weather Extremes for WMO.
“从根本上说，这项调查强调了世界上一个重要的气候区域正在升温。通过对极端温度的持续监测和评估，我们可以不断了解北极这一重要地区发生的变化，”WMO天气与气候极值报告员Randall Cerveny教授说。
rapporteur [ˌræpɔːˈtɜː(r)] n. 报告员，调查员
“It highlights the need for sustaining long-term observations which provide us benchmarks of the state of the climate system,” said Prof. Cerveny.
“它强调了维持长期观测的必要性，它为我们提供了气候系统状态的基准，”Cerveny教授说。
benchmark [ˈbentʃmɑːk] n. 衡量基准
Climate Snapshots
气候快照
As with all WMO evaluations of extremes (e.g., temperature, pressure, wind, etc.), the extremes presented before the WMO for adjudication are ‘snapshots’ of our current climate. It is possible, indeed likely, that greater extremes will occur in the Arctic region in the future. When such observations are made, new WMO evaluation committees will be formed to verify the status of such observations as extremes.
提交WMO核查的极值是当前气候的“快照”，WMO对所有极值（如温度、压力、风等）的评估也是如此。未来，北极地区有可能（的确有可能）出现更大的极端事件。此类观测数据出现后，WMO将成立新的评估委员会，核实此类观测数据的极值地位。
adjudication [əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 裁定，审核
snapshot [ˈsnæpʃɒt] n. 快照，简况
“The record is clearly indicative of warming across Siberia,” said the noted UK climatologist and committee member Dr Phil Jones.
“这一记录清楚地表明了整个西伯利亚都在变暖，”委员会成员、英国著名气候学家Phil Jones博士说。
climatologist [ˌklaɪməˈtɒlədʒist] n. 气候学家
"Verifying records of this type is important in having a reliable base of evidence as to how our climate's most extreme extremes are changing,” said Dr Blair Trewin from Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology and another member of the evaluation committee.
“此类记录的验证很重要，将让我们具备可靠的证据基础、了解最极端气候极值的变化方式，”评估委员会的另一位成员、澳大利亚气象局的Blair Trewin博士说。
