COVID-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide
COVID-19大流行促使全球焦虑和抑郁患病率增加25%
In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by a massive 25%, according to a scientific brief released by the World Health Organization (WHO) today. The brief also highlights who has been most affected and summarizes the effect of the pandemic on the availability of mental health services and how this has changed during the pandemic.
根据世界卫生组织（世卫组织）今天发布的科学简报，在COVID-19大流行的第一年，全球焦虑和抑郁患病率大幅增加了25%。该简报还着重指出了受影响最大的群体，并总结了大流行对精神卫生服务可得性的影响，以及这种影响在大流行期间的变化情况。
prevalence [ˈprevələns] n. 流行，盛行
Concerns about potential increases in mental health conditions had already prompted 90% of countries surveyed to include mental health and psychosocial support in their COVID-19 response plans, but major gaps and concerns remain.
由于担心可能出现更多精神卫生问题，90%接受调查的国家已将精神卫生和社会心理支持纳入了其COVID-19应对计划，但仍然存在重大差距和关切。
“The information we have now about the impact of COVID-19 on the world’s mental health is just the tip of the iceberg,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This is a wake-up call to all countries to pay more attention to mental health and do a better job of supporting their populations’ mental health.”
世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士说：“我们现在掌握的关于COVID-19对世界精神卫生的影响的信息只是冰山一角。但这给所有国家敲响了警钟，必须对精神卫生领域给予更多关注，更好地支持本国人民的精神健康”。
Multiple stress factors
多重压力因素
One major explanation for the increase is the unprecedented stress caused by the social isolation resulting from the pandemic. Linked to this were constraints on people’s ability to work, seek support from loved ones and engage in their communities.
能够解释这种增长的一个主要原因是，这场大流行疫情导致的社会隔离状态造成了前所未有的压力。由此使人们在工作、寻求亲人支持以及参与社区活动方面的能力受到了限制。
unprecedented [ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd] adj. 前所未有的，史无前例的
Loneliness, fear of infection, suffering and death for oneself and for loved ones, grief after bereavement and financial worries have also all been cited as stressors leading to anxiety and depression. Among health workers, exhaustion has been a major trigger for suicidal thinking.
此外，孤独，对自己和亲人遭受感染、痛苦及死亡的恐惧，丧亲之痛以及经济上的担忧也被认为是导致焦虑和抑郁的压力源。在卫生工作者中，疲惫是诱发自杀念头的主要因素。
bereavement [bɪˈriːvmənt] n. 丧失亲友
Young people and women worst hit
年轻人和妇女所受影响最严重
The brief, which is informed by a comprehensive review of existing evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services, and includes estimates from the latest Global Burden of Disease study, shows that the pandemic has affected the mental health of young people and that they are disproportionally at risk of suicidal and self-harming behaviours. It also indicates that women have been more severely impacted than men and that people with pre-existing physical health conditions, such as asthma, cancer and heart disease, were more likely to develop symptoms of mental disorders.
该简报参考了关于COVID-19对精神卫生及精神卫生服务影响方面现有证据的全面审查，并包括来自最新全球疾病负担研究的估计，表明大流行疫情影响了年轻人的精神健康，他们采取自杀和自残行为的风险非常高。此外，还指出，女性受到的影响比男性更严重，且患有哮喘、癌症和心脏病等基础病症的人更有可能出现精神障碍症状。
disproportionally [ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənli] adv. 不相称地，不成比例地
asthma [ˈæsmə] n. 哮喘
Data suggests that people with pre-existing mental disorders do not appear to be disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Yet, when these people do become infected, they are more likely to suffer hospitalization, severe illness and death compared with people without mental disorders. People with more severe mental disorders, such as psychoses, and young people with mental disorders, are particularly at risk.
数据显示，原本已有精神障碍的人似乎并不特别容易感染COVID-19。然而，当这些人确实受到感染时，与没有精神障碍的人相比，他们更有可能住院，遭受重症和死亡。患有更严重精神障碍的人，如精神病患者，以及患有精神障碍的年轻人，尤其面临风险。
psychoses [psaɪˈkəʊsiːz] n. 精神病（psychosis的复数）
Gaps in care
护理方面的差距
This increase in the prevalence of mental health problems has coincided with severe disruptions to mental health services, leaving huge gaps in care for those who need it most. For much of the pandemic, services for mental, neurological and substance use conditions were the most disrupted among all essential health services reported by WHO Member States. Many countries also reported major disruptions in life-saving services for mental health, including for suicide prevention.
在精神卫生问题比率增加的同时，精神卫生服务却遭到严重干扰，使最有需要的人得不到护理，留下了巨大缺口。据世卫组织会员国报告，在大流行的大部分时间里，精神、神经和物质使用障碍方面的服务在所有基本卫生服务中受干扰最为严重。许多国家还报告说，一些能挽救生命的精神卫生服务，包括预防自杀等，受到了严重干扰。
By the end of 2021 the situation had somewhat improved but today too many people remain unable to get the care and support they need for both pre-existing and newly developed mental health conditions.
到2021年底，情况有所改善，但目前仍有太多人无法获得针对原有和新发的精神卫生问题的必要护理和支持。
Unable to access face-to-face care, many people have sought support online, signaling an urgent need to make reliable and effective digital tools available and easily accessible. However, developing and deploying digital interventions remains a major challenge in resource-limited countries and settings.
由于无法获得面对面的护理，许多人在网上寻求支持，这表明迫切需要提供可靠有效且易于访问的数字工具。然而，在资源有限的国家和环境中，开发和部署数字干预措施仍然是一项重大挑战。
WHO and country action
世卫组织和国家的行动
Since the early days of the pandemic, WHO and partners have worked to develop and disseminate resources in multiple languages and formats to help different groups cope with and respond to the mental health impacts of COVID-19. For example, WHO produced a story book for 6-11-year-olds, My Hero is You, now available in 142 languages and 61 multimedia adaptations, as well as a toolkit for supporting older adults available in 16 languages.
自大流行初期以来，世卫组织及合作伙伴一直致力于以多种语言和形式开发和传播资源，以帮助不同群体应对COVID-19造成的精神卫生影响。例如，世卫组织为6-11岁儿童编制了一本故事书，题为《你是我心中的英雄》，现在有142种语言版本以及61种多媒体改编版本，还有一个支持老年人的工具包（有16种语言版本）。
disseminate [dɪˈsemɪneɪt] v. 传播，散布
At the same time, the Organization has worked with partners, including other United Nations agencies, international nongovernmental organizations and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, to lead an interagency mental health and psychosocial response to COVID-19. Throughout the pandemic, WHO has also worked to promote the integration of mental health and psychosocial support across and within all aspects of the global response.
与此同时，本组织还与其他联合国机构、国际非政府组织以及红十字会和红新月会等伙伴合作，领导针对COVID-19的跨部门精神卫生和社会心理应对行动。在整个大流行期间，世卫组织还努力促进将精神卫生和社会心理支持融入全球应对工作的各个方面。
WHO Member States have recognized the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and are taking action. WHO’s most recent pulse survey on continuity of essential health services indicated that 90% of countries are working to provide mental health and psychosocial support to COVID-19 patients and responders alike. Moreover, at last year’s World Health Assembly, countries emphasized the need to develop and strengthen mental health and psychosocial support services as part of strengthening preparedness, response and resilience to COVID-19 and future public health emergencies. They adopted the updated Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030, which includes an indicator on preparedness for mental health and psychosocial support in public health emergencies.
世卫组织会员国已认识到COVID-19对精神卫生的影响，并正在采取行动。世卫组织最近关于基本卫生服务连续性的摸底调查显示，90%的国家正在努力向COVID-19患者和应对人员提供精神卫生和社会心理支持。此外，在去年的世界卫生大会上，各国强调需要在加强防范、应对和抵御COVID-19及未来突发公共卫生事件的框架内发展和加强精神卫生和社会心理支持服务，并通过了更新后的《2013-2030年精神卫生综合行动计划》，其中包括一项关于突发公共卫生事件中精神卫生和社会心理支持的准备情况的指标。
Step up investment
加大投资力度
However, this commitment to mental health needs to be accompanied by a global step up in investment. Unfortunately, the situation underscores a chronic global shortage of mental health resources that continues today. WHO’s most recent Mental Health Atlas showed that in 2020, governments worldwide spent on average just over 2% of their health budgets on mental health and many low-income countries reported having fewer than 1 mental health worker per 100 000 people.
然而，在对精神卫生作出这一承诺的同时需要增加全球投资。不幸的是，当前情况突出表明全球精神卫生资源至今长期短缺。世卫组织最新的《精神卫生地图集》显示，到2020年，世界各国政府平均只将略高于2%的卫生预算用于精神卫生，许多低收入国家报告说，每10万人中只有不到1名精神卫生工作者。
chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] adj. 慢性的，长期的；严重的，极糟的
Dévora Kestel, Director of the Department of Mental Health and Substance Use at WHO, sums up the situation: “While the pandemic has generated interest in and concern for mental health, it has also revealed historical under-investment in mental health services. Countries must act urgently to ensure that mental health support is available to all.”
世卫组织精神卫生和药物滥用司司长Dévora Kestel在总结这一情况时指出：“虽然大流行引起了人们对精神卫生的兴趣和关注，但也揭示了历来对精神卫生服务投资不足的问题。各国必须采取紧急行动，确保所有人都能获得精神卫生支持”。
拓展阅读：
柳叶刀：新冠大流行一年多，全球抑郁症和焦虑症患病率增加了约四分之一
（健康时报记者 李超然）2020年，全球重度抑郁症和焦虑症患病率和负担有了明显增长。10月8日，柳叶刀在线发表了一项题为“Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic”的论文，量化了新冠肺炎大流行对2020年全球重度抑郁症和焦虑症患病率和负担的影响。
研究人员对2020年1月1日~2021年1月29日期间报告的新冠肺炎大流行期间重度抑郁症和焦虑症患病率的数据进行了系统性回顾。
研究发现，两个新冠影响指标与重度抑郁症和焦虑症患病率增长有关，分别是新冠病毒感染率和人员流动性限制。这两个指标综合了病毒传播、封锁、居家令、公共交通减少、学校和企业关闭以及社交互动减少等因素的综合影响。研究人员推测，在2020年受疫情打击最严重的国家，抑郁症、焦虑症患病率增幅也是最大的。
数据显示，重度抑郁症和焦虑症患病数增幅最小的地区为东南亚、东亚和大洋洲（抑郁症增加11.5%，焦虑症增长13.8%），增幅最大的地区是北非和中东（抑郁症增加37.2%，焦虑症增长32.4%）。
