Three sites in China designated FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
联合国粮农组织宣布，最新认定中国三处全球重要农业文化遗产
Three sites in China - an ancient tea-producing area, a nomadic livestock-rearing region and a rain-fed stone terrace farming system - were formally recognised as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), for their unique ways of using traditional practices and knowledge while maintaining unique biodiversity and ecosystems.
联合国粮农组织宣布，三处中国遗产地——中国内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统、中国福建安溪铁观音茶文化系统、中国河北涉县旱作石堰梯田系统——因以独特方式利用传统方法和知识，维护特有生物多样性和生态系统，被正式认定为全球重要农业文化遗产。
nomadic [nəʊˈmædɪk] adj. 游牧的；流浪的
terrace [ˈterəs] n. 梯田；阳台，露天平台；排屋
biodiversity [ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti] n. 生物多样性
The sites were designated during a meeting of the GIAHS Scientific Advisory Group taking place in Rome this week (17-19 May). The selection criteria stipulate that sites must be of global importance, have value as a public good, supporting food and livelihood security, agro-biodiversity, knowledge systems, social values and culture as well as outstanding landscapes.
5月17-19日，全球重要农业文化遗产科学咨询小组在罗马召开会议，上述三处遗产地获得认定。评选标准规定，遗产地必须具备全球重要性和公共产品价值，支撑粮食安全、生计安全、农业生物多样性、知识体系、社会价值观和文化，且景观秀美。
designate [ˈdezɪgneɪt] v. 命名；指定；指派
stipulate [ˈstɪpjuleɪt] v. 规定，明确要求
GIAHS, which is celebrating 20 years in October, is a FAO flagship programme. “GIAHS has proven its potential as a model of sustainable agriculture through its remarkable agro-ecological approach. It is a way to revitalize rural communities and promote rural development by utilizing their unique features embedded in the agricultural systems,” said FAO Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo.
全球重要农业文化遗产”为联合国粮农组织旗舰计划，今年10月即将迎来计划执行20周年。粮农组织副总干事玛丽亚·海伦娜·赛梅朵表示，“全球重要农业文化遗产已通过非凡的生态农业方法，证明其可持续农业模式的巨大潜力。通过对农业体系原有特色加以利用，能够为农村注入新的活力，推动农村发展”。
revitalize [ˌriːˈvaɪtəlaɪz] v. 使恢复生机，使复苏
To date, a total of 18 sites in China have been added to the global agricultural heritage systems list. FAO's worldwide agricultural heritage network now consists of 65 systems in 22 countries around the globe.
目前，全球共有65处经联合国粮农组织认定的全球重要农业文化遗产，其中18处位于中国。
An ancient tea-producing area
中国福建安溪铁观音茶文化系统
Tea production in Anxi, located in southeastern Fujian province is believed to date from the 10th century, with its most famous tea, Tieguanyin, meaning Iron Goddess of Mercy, coming into existence in the 18th century. It belongs to the semi-fermented Oolong tea category between green tea and black teas.
安溪位于福建省东南部，据称早在10世纪就开始产茶。当地最负盛名的“铁观音”茶源于18世纪，介于绿茶和红茶之间，属半发酵型乌龙茶。
ferment [fəˈment] v. 发酵 n. 动荡，骚乱；发酵
Oolong tea 乌龙茶
Local farmers’ unique know-how includes well-honed practices for managing the natural environment to guarantee the best conditions for tea cultivation and the production of an exceptional quality tea leaf. These legacies have ensured the long-term stability and sustainability of the ecological systems of its tea plantations and embedded this emblematic product as part of the identity of the local communities.
当地茶农掌握诀窍、技艺纯熟，通过自然环境管理确保茶树栽培的最佳条件，产出优质茶叶。这些方法代代传承，确保了当地茶园生态系统的长期稳定性和可持续性，茗茶也成为当地的一张名片。
know-how [ˈnəʊ haʊ] n. 专门知识，技能
hone [həʊn] v. 磨炼，训练；使…变锋利；把…磨尖
exceptional [ɪkˈsepʃən(ə)l] adj. 卓越的，非凡的；例外的，罕见的
legacy [ˈlegəsi] n. 遗产；遗留问题
emblematic [ˌembləˈmætɪk] adj. 象征的，典型的
A Grassland nomadic system
中国内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统
The Ar Horqin grassland nomadic system in northern China’s Inner Mongolia region is the first nomadic agricultural heritage area designated in China and an example for global sustainable animal husbandry and fragile grazing lands management. There is evidence of early inhabitants hunting and living a nomadic life in the area as far back as Neolithic times. More recently, the region’s largely ethnic Mongolian population has been able to preserve its traditional nomadic production and lifestyle while adapting to a changing environment.
中国北部内蒙古地区的阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统是中国入选的首个游牧农业遗产地，也是全球可持续牧业和脆弱牧场管理的典范。有证据表明，早在新石器时代，人类就在这里从事狩猎和游牧活动。后来，当地主体蒙古族人口适应环境变化，成功保留了传统游牧生产生活方式。
husbandry [ˈhʌzbəndri] n. 畜牧业，农牧业
grazing [ˈgreɪzɪŋ] n. 牧场，草场
Neolithic [ˌniːəˈlɪθɪk] adj. 新石器时代的
The region has a variety of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers with important ecological functions. To adapt to the fragile grassland environment, the ancestors of today’s herders adopted a typical nomadic lifestyle. By constantly moving their grazing grounds, they ensured the protection of vegetation and rational utilization of water resources, avoiding soil degradation and overgrazing and bringing a steady supply of livestock products such as meats and cheese to local communities.
当地生态系统多种多样，如森林、草地、湿地、河流，都具有重要的生态功能。为了适应脆弱的草原环境，如今牧民的先祖过着典型的游牧生活。通过不断转场放牧，植被受到保护，水资源得以合理利用，避免了土地退化、过度放牧，也保障了当地肉制品和奶酪等畜产品的稳定供应。
vegetation [ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn] n. 植被，植物
degradation [ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn] n. 恶化，衰退；落魄，屈辱
The Shexian Dryland Stone Terraced System
中国河北涉县旱作石堰梯田系统
Located in northern China’s Hebei province, the Shexian Dryland Stone Terraced System is a rain-fed agricultural system dating back to the 13th century. Set amid the harsh environment of the region’s mountains, the stone terraced fields still play an important role in making agriculture possible on the steep slopes. Farming provides local people with a stable livelihood, and serves as a model for sustainable, ecological and cyclical agriculture in this northerly limestone mountainous area despite a lack of soil and rain.
涉县旱作石堰梯田系统位于中国北部的河北省，为雨养农业系统，历史可追溯至13世纪。当地山区气候干旱、自然环境恶劣，而石堰梯田为陡坡种田创造了条件，至今仍发挥着重要作用。既给当地人提供了稳定生计，也为这个缺土少雨的北方石灰岩山区打造了生态循环可持续农业的样板。
amid [əˈmɪd] pp. 在…中间，在…当中；为…环绕
cyclical [ˈsaɪklɪk(ə)l] adj. 周期的，循环的
limestone [ˈlaɪmstəʊn] n. 石灰岩
The county is well-known for walnut and Chinese prickly ash, with millet, corn, soybean, black jujube and other agricultural and forestry products also cultivated on the terraces. With this variety of crops and using environmentally friendly farming techniques, local communities have managed to guarantee their food security and well-being over a period of hundreds of years, while shaping a remarkable landscape that bears witness to their ability to live in harmony with their environment.
涉县梯田不仅种出了远近闻名的核桃和花椒，还有小米、玉米、大豆、黑枣及其他农林产品。几个世纪以来，当地人采用环保农耕技术种植多种作物，既满足了自身生存发展需要，也留下了壮丽的梯田景观，见证着人与自然的和谐相处。
walnut [ˈwɔːlnʌt] n. 核桃
Chinese prickly ash [ˈprɪkli æʃ] 花椒
millet [ˈmɪlɪt] n. 小米
jujube [ˈdʒu:dʒu:b] n. 枣树；枣
