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请将下列文章编译成一篇不超过800字的汉语文章。
Five things to know about the Iran-Saudi deal brokered by China
A major breakthrough in international diplomacy was announced Friday when Saudi Arabia and Iran revealed that they had agreed to resume normalized relations in a deal brokered by China.
The countries announced the deal in a joint statement, saying Iran and Saudi Arabia, the two largest Middle Eastern nations by area, will resume diplomatic relations and each reopen embassies in the other country within two months.
The plan will return Saudi Arabia and Iran to normalized relations after the kingdom cut ties with the other nation in 2016, and will likely have lasting effects throughout the Middle East and the rest of the world.
Here are five things to know about the Chinese-brokered deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran:
It reduces tensions in the Middle East between two regional powers
Iran and Saudi Arabia may have only officially broken off diplomatic relations in 2016, but tensions between the two countries are deeply rooted in history and religion.
Saudi Arabia has historically followed the Sunni branch of Islam, while Iran has followed the Shia branch. The split between the two branches dates back to the seventh-century, when it arose amid debates over who the rightful successor to the Prophet Mohammed was, according to the nonpartisan think tank Council on Foreign Relations.
In a more recent source of tension, the Iranian Revolution in 1979 brought Ruhollah Khomeini to power, and he ruled as ayatollah, bringing together government and religious leadership under Shia Islam. The new Iranian government began supporting Shiite groups in other countries in the region, while Saudi Arabia was prompted by the revolution to strengthen its Sunni connections, according to the council.
Since then, Iran and Saudi Arabia have not directly fought each other but have engaged in a series of proxy conflicts.
Saudi Arabia supported Iraq during its war with Iran in the 1980s. In more recent years, Iran has supported the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who is a member of a sect that arose from Shia Islam, while Saudi Arabia has supported rebels seeking to overthrow him in the Sunni-majority country. Saudi Arabia has also supported a Sunni government in exile in the civil war in Yemen, while Iran has backed the Houthi rebels, who are Shia.
As Saudi Arabia and Iran improve their ties, the normalization of their relations could impact these conflicts, too.
It demonstrates China’s growing influence on the world stage
Another factor of the deal in addition to the agreement itself is the fact that China was the one responsible for moderating it. The agreement came after four days of previously undisclosed talks in Beijing.
The United States has had longstanding but recently tense relations with Saudi Arabia, especially since the 2018 assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who criticized the Saudi regime. U.S. intelligence assessed in 2021 that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman approved an operation to kill or capture Khashoggi.
The U.S. has had fraught relations with Iran for decades since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, making it likely impossible for the U.S. to arrange such a deal between the two Middle Eastern powers.
China has meanwhile bought substantial amounts of oil from Saudi Arabia and stayed close to Iran.
Some international affairs experts have said the agreement signals China is getting more involved in diplomatic engagement of the Middle East.
It could complicate normalization of Saudi-Israeli relations
Another international agreement that could be brewing is one to normalize relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel, but the Saudi government’s deal with Iran could make accomplishing that more difficult.
Israel has recently increased its ties to several of its Arab neighbors, in large part through the 2019 Abraham Accords that saw Israel normalize relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Sudan and Morocco soon after followed in establishing diplomatic relations with Israel.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has indicated that he wants to secure normalized relations with Saudi Arabia, but Iran has long been an adversary of Israel.
Israel has been one of the fiercest critics of Iran and its nuclear program, with its government under Netanyahu opposing the 2015 nuclear deal that saw restrictions placed on the program in exchange for the U.S. lifting sanctions on the Iranian regime.
The closer ties between Saudi Arabia, with whom Israel wants a better relationship, and Iran, one of its top adversaries, could make a deal more complicated.
People familiar with ongoing discussions told The New York Times that Saudi Arabia has laid out its demands for recognizing Israel, which include a security pledge from the U.S., the development of a civilian nuclear program and reduced restrictions on U.S. arms sales.
President Biden seemed to declare support for the Saudi-Iranian deal in comments Friday, saying that “Better relations between Israel and their Arab neighbors are better for everybody.”
It may bolster Assad’s government in Syrian Civil War
The Syrian government applauded the deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran after it was announced, saying that it would help bring stability to the Middle East.
The agreement could give a strategic advantage to Assad’s regime as he tries to stay in power amid an ongoing and lengthy civil war.
Fighting broke out in 2011 in the country following Assad’s strong and violent crackdown on protests during the Arab Spring. The war has become a multi-sided conflict and a proxy war between Iran, supporting Assad, and Saudi Arabia, supporting the rebels.
Countries tried to isolate Syria following its violent response to the protests, suspending the country from the Arab League, but the Syrian Foreign Ministry said a consensus is “growing” among Arab countries that isolating Syria is not working and that engagement is necessary.
Assad’s forces have meanwhile been able to recapture most major cities and hold most of the country, though rebel groups still hold a portion. Some experts and officials have said only a political solution can end the conflict, but any pullback in support of the rebels by Saudi Arabia following the deal with Iran could help Assad close in on retaining power.
It could help lead to end of the war in Yemen
The civil war in Yemen has been the other major still-ongoing conflict that has seen Saudi Arabia and Iran engage in a proxy battle.
Both the Yemini government and the Houthi rebels have claimed to be the legitimate authority in Yemen. The war has caused a massive humanitarian crisis as tens of thousands of people have been killed and millions have been suffering from hunger and illness.
The war has waged on for more than eight years, but much of the international community has signaled an interest in bringing it to an end. Former Yemini President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi stepped down from office last year to transition the government to a council that could find a political solution to the conflict.
Saudi officials have also pushed for ending the war and said earlier this year that progress was being made.
Some members of Congress have also advocated for a war powers resolution to end U.S. support for the Saudi intervention in Yemen. Biden ended U.S. assistance to Saudi-led offensives in the country in 2021, but the U.S. still sells arms for the conflict and shares intelligence.
The two key backers of the sides in the conflict, Saudi Arabia and Iran, agreeing to normalized relations could help the government and rebels reach an accord to end the violence.
参考译文
关于沙伊协议需要了解的五件事
周五，国际外交局势出现重大突破。沙特和伊朗发表了一份联合声明，表示同意在中国斡旋下签订协议，恢复关系正常化。联合声明中称两国将在两个月内恢复外交关系，并重新开放驻对方国家大使馆。沙伊两国于2016年断交，此次复交可能会对中东和全世界产生下列持久影响。
缓解两国之间的紧张局势
伊朗和沙特两国之间关系紧张与历史和宗教原因有关。沙特和伊朗分别属于逊尼派和什叶派。
1979年，伊朗革命领袖鲁霍拉·霍梅尼（Ruhollah Khomeini）掌权，并以阿亚图拉（什叶派高级神职人员的尊称）的身份实施统治。新政府上台后，开始支持中东地区其他国家的什叶派团体，而沙特则加强其与逊尼派的联系。此后，两国卷入了一系列代理人冲突，而两国关系的改善会对这些冲突产生影响。
中国在世界舞台上的影响与日俱增
2018年沙特记者贾迈勒·卡舒吉（Jamal Khashoggi）被暗杀后，美国与沙特的关系趋于紧张。自1979年伊朗革命以来，美国与伊朗关系恶化，导致其无法安排沙伊两国举行会谈。
而中国从沙特购买了大量石油，同时与伊朗保持密切联系，因此有机会促成双方会谈。一些国际事务专家表示，沙伊协议标志着中国正在加大参与中东外交接触的力度。
可能导致沙以关系正常化更加复杂
以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）近期表示，希望与沙特实现关系正常化，但伊朗一直都是以色列的对手，而以色列是伊朗及其核计划最严厉的谴责者之一。沙伊两国加强联系，可能会使沙特—以色列关系正常化更加复杂。
可能有助于阿萨德政府掌权
叙利亚政府对沙伊协议表示赞同，称其将有助于中东稳定。阿拉伯之春期间，叙利亚内战成为支持阿萨德的伊朗与支持反政府武装的沙特之间的代理战争。但在沙伊两国达成协议后，若沙特减少对叙利亚叛军的支持，可能会有助于阿萨德继续执政。
可能有助于结束也门内战
也门内战是沙特和伊朗之间的另一场代理人战争。如果冲突双方的主要支持者，即沙特和伊朗实现关系正常化，可以帮助也门政府军和胡塞叛军达成协议，结束也门内战。
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请将下列文章编译成一篇不超过600词的英语文章。
赓续传统友谊 共创美好未来
5月18日至19日，习近平主席将在陕西西安主持召开中国—中亚峰会，中亚五国元首将来华参会。这是今年中国首场重大主场外交活动。赓续传统友谊，共创美好未来，中国同中亚国家携手应对挑战，推进务实合作，积极构建更加紧密的中国—中亚命运共同体。
就在上个月，为纪念“一带一路”十周年特别开行的中欧班列“一带一路”十周年长安号西安—中亚专列从西安国际港务区发车。10年来，长安号累计开行超过1.6万列。其中，中亚五国开行量达到4250列，为促进中国同中亚互联互通与经贸合作发挥重要作用。
从古丝绸之路上的“驼铃阵阵”，到如今在亚欧大陆奔驰不息的“钢铁驼队”，传承千年友谊，中国同中亚国家的交往合作不断书写着新的传奇。
2022年1月，习近平主席在北京主持中国同中亚五国建交30周年视频峰会。在中方积极倡议下，六国决心打造中国—中亚命运共同体，为未来合作开辟蓬勃发展的广阔前景。一周后，中亚五国元首齐聚北京，共赴“冬奥之约”。同年9月，习近平主席再次同中亚国家领导人分别会晤。在元首外交的战略引领下，中国同中亚五国始终坚持相互尊重、睦邻友好、同舟共济、互利共赢，实现全面战略伙伴关系全覆盖、签署共建“一带一路”合作文件全覆盖，走出了一条睦邻友好、合作共赢的新路，成为构建新型国际关系的典范。
2013年，习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦纳扎尔巴耶夫大学演讲时提出“丝绸之路经济带”倡议。10年来，中亚国家积极推进共建“一带一路”倡议同本国发展战略对接，让合作成果广泛惠及地区各国人民。
中吉乌公路打通跨越高山、畅通无阻的国际运输大动脉；乌兹别克斯坦“安格连—帕普”铁路隧道彻底改变了上千万人的出行方式；杜尚别热电厂的建成，让塔吉克斯坦首都冬季缺电成为历史；中国—中亚天然气管道将土库曼斯坦等国的天然气输送到中国。同时，越来越多来自中亚的优质商品也走进中国百姓的日常生活。
2022年，中国与中亚五国贸易额达到702亿美元，创历史新高。今年1—3月，中国与中亚五国贸易额同比增长22%，发展势头强劲。
今年4月，由中国与中亚五国共建的丝绸之路考古合作研究中心揭牌成立。从互派留学生到举办文化艺术节，从开设培训专业人才的鲁班工坊到应对新冠疫情时的守望相助，秉持和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的丝路精神，中国同中亚国家的传统友谊在交流互动中不断深化。
安全是发展的前提。面对复杂多变的地区安全形势，中国同中亚五国践行共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，联手打击“三股势力”和跨国有组织犯罪、贩毒。中方提出的全球安全倡议，得到中亚国家积极响应和支持。
携手应对冷战思维、霸权主义等挑战，中国同中亚五国坚定支持彼此捍卫自身核心利益，共同捍卫多边主义，不断加强在联合国、上海合作组织、亚信等多边机制内的密切协调配合。
中国—中亚峰会即将在西安举行。西安的市花是石榴花，原产于中亚的石榴象征着和谐与团结。在古丝绸之路的起点，中国与中亚五国将通过此次峰会向世界展现中国中亚合作的高水平，开启双方合作新时代。
参考译文
Carrying Forward Our Millennia-old Friendship and Jointly Creating a Better Future
President Xi Jinping will host the China-Central Asia Summit in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province from May 18 to 19. Heads of state of five Central Asian countries will personally attend this first major diplomatic event to be held in China in 2023, in order to jointly meet challenges, advance practical cooperation and build a closer China-Central Asia community of shared future.
Last month, to mark the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, the “Chang’an” special freight train of the China-Europe Railway Express from Xi’an to Central Asia departed from the Xi’an International Trade & Logistics Park. Over the past ten years, this freight train has made more than 16,000 trips, among which 4,250 trips were made between China and the five Central Asian countries, which are vital role in promoting connectivity and economic and trade cooperation between China and Central Asia and renewing their millennium-old friendship.
In January 2022, President Xi Jinping hosted a virtual summit to mark the 30th anniversary of the diplomatic ties between China and these countries in Beijing. At this summit, the six countries decided to build a China-Central Asia community of shared future under China’s proposal. Xi Jinping and the heads of state of Central Asia countries met again one week after the summit and also in September 2022. China and the five Central Asian countries have become the example of a new model of international relations based on the principles of mutual respect, good neighborhood, solidarity, mutual benefit and win-win results.
China has enhanced its relationship with these countries. It was at Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev University where President Xi Jinping put forward the “Silk Road Economic Belt” initiative in 2013. Other examples of cooperation include the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway that runs across the Tianshan Mountains, the Angren-Pop railway line in Uzbekistan that has changed the travel mode of millions of people, the Dushanbe thermal power plant that has ended the city’s power shortage in winter, and the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan and other countries to China. The trade volume between China and these countries reached a record high of $70.2 billion in 2022 and showed a year-on-year increase of 22% from January to March 2023.
China and Central Asian countries have enhanced their friendship through the inauguration of the Collaborative Research Center for Archaeology of the Silk Roads in April this year, the exchange of international students, the convening of cultural and art events, the opening of vocational training workshops and mutual assistance in response to COVID-19.
Under the new security outlook, China and the five Central Asian countries have cooperated in fighting against terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as transnational organized crimes and drug trafficking and strengthened cooperation at the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, and other multilateral systems to deal with the cold war mentality and hegemonism and safeguard their own interests and multilateralism.
The upcoming China-Central Asia Summit to be held in Xi’an, the starting point of the ancient silk road, will demonstrate the high-level cooperation between China and Central Asian countries and usher in a new era of bilateral cooperation.
